Page 38 - Dictionary of Heraldry and Related Subjects

England. In England the differences found in the centre chief or the
now in use rnay be divided into two dexter chief. There is no rule
classes. those used by the Royal respecting their tinctures except that
family and those which should be they may not be argent which is
borne by others. The sons and reserved for the Royal famiIy.
daughters of the sovereign al1 bear
Unfortunately in English Heraldry
labels of three points argent. That of
the Prince of Wales is plain but strictly applied as it sliould be.
those of the other Princes and Prin- Scorland. In Scotland automatic
cesses are charged with crosses, lineal descent of armorial bearings
fleur-de-lis. hearts, roses, anchors, is only to the eldest son and to the
etc. for the sake of distinction. eldest son of the eldest son. AI1
Princes and Princesses, being the other sons must matriculate with
sons and daughters of the above, are Lord Lyon, King of Arms, the Scot-
distinguished by labels of five points tish Heraldic authority before pos-
charged in a similar manner. These sessing an entitlenient to bear amis.
differences as well as those which
An appropriate difference will be
follow shauld be borne on the arms, allocated to each son thus matricu-
lating, which will be retained by him
crest and supporters.
Differences now in use for al1 as the arms of his particular cadet
families except that of the Sovereign branch. Differences in Scotland very
are as follows: First House. First largely consist of the bordure in one
son during the life of his father, a of its forms together with frequent
label of three points. Second son a changes of tincture.
crescent. Third son a mullet. Fourtb
son a martlet. Fifth son an annulet. Caducens - The staff of Mercury
Sixth son a fleur-de-lis. Seventh son consisting of a bal1 headed rod.
a rose. Eighth son a cross moline. winged and eniwined by two ser-
Ninth son a double quatrefoil. The pents.
first son of the first son of the first
Caerlaverock - A famous siege
house bears a label of five points
which took place in 1300 in the
and the second a label charged with
reign of Edward I between the
a crescent and so on for al1 other
English and the Scots. It is note-
sons of this branch.
worthy as it was one of the early
Second House. First son, a cres-
occasions at which the Heralds pro-
cent charged with a label of three
duced a roll of arms.
points. Second son. a crescent
charged with a crescent and so on
Calf - The young of the cow from
for the remainder but it is not usual the system of differencing is not
which it is chiefly distinguished ja
to bear doubIe differences. There Heraldic drawing bv the absence of
are no dinerences for sisters (except horns.
in the Royai family) as they are al1
qua1 but they should bear the Calopns - A monsLer sirnilar to a
differences which pertain to their wolf but with horns.
fathers.
Charges used as differences should Caltrap - A four pointed trap used
be drawn smaller than usual to in early battles when fighting against
distinguish thern from ordinary horsemen. It was so formed that
charges. TIiey rnay be placed upon which ever way it fell one point was
any part of the arms which is most in the air and thus it fomed a trap
convenient but will generally be against horses.