Page 38 - Dictionary of Heraldry and Related Subjects
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England. In England  the differences  found  in  the  centre  chief  or  the
                                now in  use rnay  be divided  into two  dexter  chief.  There  is  no  rule
                               classes.  those  used  by  the  Royal  respecting their tinctures except that
                               family  and  those  which  should  be  they  may  not  be  argent  which  is
                                borne  by  others.  The  sons  and  reserved  for  the Royal famiIy.
                                daughters  of  the  sovereign  al1  bear
                                                                   Unfortunately in English Heraldry
                                labels of  three points argent. That of
                                the  Prince  of  Wales  is  plain  but  strictly  applied  as  it  sliould  be.
                                those of  the other Princes and Prin-  Scorland.  In  Scotland  automatic
                               cesses  are  charged  with  crosses,  lineal  descent  of  armorial  bearings
                                fleur-de-lis.  hearts,  roses,  anchors,  is only  to  the eldest  son and  to  the
                                etc.  for  the  sake  of  distinction.  eldest  son  of  the  eldest  son.  AI1
                                Princes  and  Princesses,  being  the  other  sons  must  matriculate  with
                               sons and daughters of  the above, are  Lord Lyon, King of  Arms, the Scot-
                                distinguished by labels of  five points  tish  Heraldic  authority  before  pos-
                               charged  in  a similar  manner. These  sessing an entitlenient  to  bear amis.
                                differences  as  well  as  those  which
                                                                   An  appropriate  difference will  be
                                follow shauld be borne on the arms,  allocated  to  each  son  thus  matricu-
                                                                 lating, which will be retained  by  him
                                crest  and  supporters.
                                  Differences  now  in  use  for  al1  as  the  arms  of  his  particular  cadet
                                families except  that of  the Sovereign  branch. Differences in Scotland very
                                are  as  follows:  First  House.  First  largely consist of  the bordure in one
                                son  during  the  life  of  his  father,  a  of  its  forms  together  with  frequent
                                label  of  three  points.  Second  son  a  changes  of  tincture.
                                crescent. Third son a mullet. Fourtb
                                son a martlet. Fifth son an annulet.  Caducens  - The  staff  of  Mercury
                                Sixth son a  fleur-de-lis. Seventh  son  consisting  of  a  bal1  headed  rod.
                                a  rose. Eighth  son  a  cross  moline.  winged  and  eniwined  by  two  ser-
                                Ninth  son  a  double quatrefoil.  The  pents.
                                first son  of  the first son  of  the  first
                                                                 Caerlaverock  -  A  famous  siege
                                house  bears  a  label  of  five  points
                                                                 which  took  place  in  1300  in  the
                                and the second a label charged with
                                                                 reign  of  Edward  I  between  the
                                a  crescent  and  so  on  for  al1  other
                                                                 English  and  the  Scots.  It  is  note-
                                sons of  this branch.
                                                                 worthy  as  it  was  one  of  the  early
                                  Second  House.  First  son,  a  cres-
                                                                 occasions at which  the Heralds pro-
                                cent  charged  with  a  label  of  three
                                                                 duced  a roll  of arms.
                                points.  Second  son.  a  crescent
                                charged  with  a  crescent  and  so on
                                                                 Calf  - The young  of  the cow from
                                for the remainder but it is not usual   the  system  of  differencing  is  not
                                                                 which  it  is  chiefly  distinguished  ja
                                to  bear  doubIe  differences.  There   Heraldic drawing bv the absence of
                                are no dinerences for sisters (except   horns.
                                in  the Royai  family) as they are al1
                                qua1  but  they  should  bear  the   Calopns - A  monsLer  sirnilar  to  a
                                differences  which  pertain  to  their   wolf  but with  horns.
                                fathers.
                                  Charges used  as differences should  Caltrap - A  four pointed  trap used
                                be  drawn  smaller  than  usual  to  in early battles when fighting against
                                distinguish  thern  from  ordinary  horsemen.  It  was  so  formed  that
                                charges.  TIiey  rnay  be  placed  upon  which ever way it fell one point  was
                                any part  of  the  arms which is most  in  the air and thus it fomed a trap
                                convenient  but  will  generally  be  against horses.
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